How do you write the formula of an ionic compound?

The chemical formula of an ionic compound shows the ratio positive and negative ions in the compound.

For example magnesium chloride has the chemical formula of MgCl2.

The ratio of magnesium and chloride ions is one to two or Mg2+ : Cl- = 1 : 2

An ionic compound is made up of positive and negative ions.

The following table of ionic compounds shows the ratio of ions needed to produce a neutral compound.

Ionic compound Metallic ions Non metallic ions Ratio of ions Chemica formula
 Sodium chloride  Na+  Cl-  1:1  NaCl
 Sodium oxide

 Na+

Na+

 O2-  2:1  Na2O
 Sodium nitride

 Na+

Na+

Na+

 N3-  3:1  Na3N
 Magnesium oxide  Mg2+  O2-  1:1  MgO
 Aluminum nitrde  Al3+  N3-  1:1  AlN
 Calcium nitride

 Ca2+

 Ca2+

 Ca2+

 N3-

N3-

 3:2  Ca3N2

 

Click on the ionic compound link to show or hide each chemical formula.

Chemical Formula Table
Na+
K+
Mg2+
Ca2+
Al3+
 
NaCl
sodium chloride
KCl
potassium chloride
MgCl2
magnesium chloride
CaCl2
calcium chloride
AlCl3
aluminum chloride
Cl-
Na2O
sodium oxide
K2O
potassium oxide
MgO
magnesium oxide
CaO
calcium oxide
Al2O3
aluminum oxide
O2-
NaBr
sodium bromide
KBr
potassium bromide
MgBr2
magnesium bromide
CaBr2
calcium bromide
AlBr3
aluminum bromide
Br-
Na2S
sodium sulfide
K2S
potassium sulfide
MgS
magnesium sulfide
CaS
calcium sulfide
Al2S3
aluminum sulfide
S2-
Na3P
sodium phosphide
K3P
potassium phosphide
Mg3P2
magnesium phosphide
Ca3P2
calcium phosphide
AlP
aluminum phosphide
P3-

 

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